Retrato del joven artista
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- Create Date：2022-02-22 00:17:35
- Update Date：2025-09-24
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- Author：James Joyce
- ISBN：8437643740
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Summary
El Retrato del joven artista es la primera novela de Joyce。 Publicada por primera vez en Estados Unidos en 1916， su aparición supuso una clara ruptura con los modelos dominantes en la narrativa de su tiempo， así como un anuncio contundente del ambicioso proyecto literario que su autor había iniciado dos años antes con los relatos de Dublineses y que culminaría con el Ulises en 1922。 La novela nos presenta el trayecto vital de Stephen Dedalus， artista en formación y trasunto de Joyce， por una Irlanda retratada viva y crudamente a modo de reflejo poliédrico y contradictorio de la modernidad。
Reviews
tpixie
，
I listened to the audible original narrated by Colin Ferrell。 He did a great job。 This is a good companion book to Ulysses。 We meet Steven Daedalus as a young boy who grows to a young man。
Alex Sintschenko
，
I think this can be a 10/10 book if:- you're interested in James Joyce， as its quite personal- you're interested in Ireland， as it's closely linked to it- you're religious， as that's a leitmotif for this book- you're not a literary imbecile， like myself， as it's changing style can be very interesting。Unfortunately， for me， I tick the first box at best。 Not a particularly interesting book， though I could definitely see this being brilliant for a select group of people。 I think this can be a 10/10 book if:- you're interested in James Joyce， as its quite personal- you're interested in Ireland， as it's closely linked to it- you're religious， as that's a leitmotif for this book- you're not a literary imbecile， like myself， as it's changing style can be very interesting。Unfortunately， for me， I tick the first box at best。 Not a particularly interesting book， though I could definitely see this being brilliant for a select group of people。 。。。more
Benjamin Closier
，
I love James Joyce， I truly do。 Dubliners is a masterpiece and the Dead is the only story to ever make me cry， but this… I’d much rather have read my own obituary。
Maia L。
，
'He heard what her eyes said to him from beneath their cowl and knew that in some dim past， whether in life or in revery， he had heard their tale before。' 'Pride and hope and desire like crushed herbs in his heart sent up vapours of maddening incense before the eyes of his mind。' 'It broke from him like a wail of despair from a hell of sufferers and died in a wail of furious entreaty， a cry for an iniquitous abandonment， a cry which was but the echo of an obscene scrawl which he had read on the 'He heard what her eyes said to him from beneath their cowl and knew that in some dim past， whether in life or in revery， he had heard their tale before。' 'Pride and hope and desire like crushed herbs in his heart sent up vapours of maddening incense before the eyes of his mind。' 'It broke from him like a wail of despair from a hell of sufferers and died in a wail of furious entreaty， a cry for an iniquitous abandonment， a cry which was but the echo of an obscene scrawl which he had read on the oozing wall of a urinal。' 'It was his own soul going forth to experience， unfolding itself sin by sin， spreading abroad the bale-fire of its burning stars and folding back upon itself， fading slowly， quenching its own lights and fires。 They were quenched: and the cold darkness filled chaos。' 'Time is， time was， but time shall be no more。' 'His blood began to murmur in his veins， murmuring like a sinful city summoned from its sleep to hear its doom。' 'Even before they set out on life’s journey they seemed weary already of the way。' 'Words。 Was it their colours？ He allowed them to glow and fade， hue after hue: sunrise gold， the russet and green of apple orchards， azure of waves， the grey-fringed fleece of clouds。 No， it was not their colours: it was the poise and balance of the period itself。 Did he then love the rhythmic rise and fall of words better than their associations of legend and colour？ Or was it that， being as weak of sight as he was shy of mind， he drew less pleasure from the reflec-tion of the glowing sensible world through the prism of a language many-coloured and richly storied than from the contemplation of an inner world of individual emotions mirrored perfectly in a lucid supple periodic prose？' 'Perhaps they had taken refuge in number and noise from the secret dread in their souls。 But he， apart from them and in silence， remembered in what dread he stood of the mystery of his own body。' '（。。。）a symbol of the artist forging anew in his work-shop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring impalpable imperishable being？' 'He was alone。 He was unheeded， happy and near to the wild heart of life。 He was alone and young and wilful and wildhearted， alone amid a waste of wild air and brackish waters and the sea-harvest of shells and tangle and veiled grey sunlight and gayclad lightclad figures of children and girls and voices childish and girlish in the air。' 'The object of the artist is the creation of the beautiful。 What the beautiful is is another question。' '—This fire before us， said the dean， will be pleasing to the eye。 Will it therefore be beautiful？' '—The soul is born， he said vaguely， first in those moments I told you of。 It has a slow and dark birth， more mysterious than the birth of the body。 When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight。 You talk to me of nationality， language， religion。 I shall try to fly by those nets。' 'It was that windless hour of dawn when madness wakes and strange plants open to the light and the moth flies forth silently。' 'In the virgin womb of the imagination the word was made flesh。' 'A soft liquid joy like the noise of many waters flowed over his memory and he felt in his heart the soft peace of silent spaces of fading tenuous sky above the waters， of oceanic silence， of swallows flying through the sea-dusk over the flowing waters。' 'The past is consumed in the present and the present is living only because it brings forth the future。' 'She prays now， she says， that I may learn in my own life and away from home and friends what the heart is and what it feels。'anyone else get like a liiiittle bit of a gay vibe？ no？ 。。。more
Carmen María Pérez
，
In this novel， we follow the life of a young Catholic Irishman， Stephen Dedalus， from his boyhood to the end of his university days。 The story follows Stephen's intellectual， moral， and spiritual development and struggles against his culture's restrictions。 The novel began with Stephen Dedalus' first memories of about three years old。 Stephen's Catholic faith and Irish nationality heavily influence him as a young boy。 The story employs a third-person point of view， and the narrator is limited to In this novel， we follow the life of a young Catholic Irishman， Stephen Dedalus， from his boyhood to the end of his university days。 The story follows Stephen's intellectual， moral， and spiritual development and struggles against his culture's restrictions。 The novel began with Stephen Dedalus' first memories of about three years old。 Stephen's Catholic faith and Irish nationality heavily influence him as a young boy。 The story employs a third-person point of view， and the narrator is limited to Dedalus。 The reader sees the world through Dedalus's eyes， language， and thoughts， and as a result， the diction matures with Dedalus。 He begins a new life as a young man in college， searching for his values and philosophy。 In comparison with the other college students， Stephen often seems anti-social and more concerned with pursuing his interests than supporting the causes of others。 With time and the various situations experienced throughout his life， Stephen becomes more and more determined to free himself from all limiting pressures and eventually decides to leave Ireland to escape them。 I give it five stars out of 5。 。。。more
Alexander Young
，
To understand this book you can’t think of a narrative， think rather of a successive collage of paintings， jumping from scene to scene， painting a picture with words。 Beautifully language and symbols throughout。 This book is a picture of early twentieth century Ireland。 There are three main factions; the nationalist， the Catholic Church， and the ideas of modernism。 The hero leaves to follow modernism and freedom through art; yet he cannot escape being “Christ haunted。”
Willie Priest
，
I think the greatest description for Joyce's general compositional method is to be found not in the overwhelming amount of literature dedicated to the subject， but in a passage from Baudelaire:Un matin nous partons， le cerveau plein de flamme，Le coeur gros de rancune et de desires amersEt nous allons， suivant le rythme de la lame，Bercant notre infini sur le fini des mersJoyce's feeling for the kinetic tension between the infinite depths of interiority and the manifold stream of outward phenomena I think the greatest description for Joyce's general compositional method is to be found not in the overwhelming amount of literature dedicated to the subject， but in a passage from Baudelaire:Un matin nous partons， le cerveau plein de flamme，Le coeur gros de rancune et de desires amersEt nous allons， suivant le rythme de la lame，Bercant notre infini sur le fini des mersJoyce's feeling for the kinetic tension between the infinite depths of interiority and the manifold stream of outward phenomena is so like the vision laid out in another poem by Baudelaire， "L'homme et la mer，" as to seem an emanation of Baudelaire's cultural afterlife。 The profound connection between these writers was recognized by Hart Crane in a piece entitled "Joyce and Ethics" （featuring the most profound declaration of Crane's critical career: "the only decadence I recognize is sterility"）， and it may perhaps be traced to the influence of Montaigne。 All three writers recognize the irreducible dignity of the corrupted， the diseased， the Other， and refuse to ward it off rationally， favoring empirical apprehension as an instrument of vision。Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is by no means a faultless novel。 Certain effects don't land with the force one imagines the author intended of them。 If we consider it as foremost a bildungsroman， it is certainly less of one than the contemporary Sons and Lovers。 Yet Portrait is indeed a very great novel， not only one of the best of its century but the first from it to truly expand upon the novel as a form。It is instructive to compare Portrait with Madame Bovary， which it resembles in some ways superficially。 Both are novels about visionary heroes who might， in a more accommodating world， have been saints。 The power of both is a prose style of otherworldly beauty describing a hero's inward experience of the world。 Yet Joyce's attitude towards inward life is fundamentally different from Flaubert's。Emma's interior existence is a confabulatory engine of private fantasia， and any attempt to realize it outwardly never goes beyond burlesque， beyond pathetic bad faith。 She is so shut up within herself that finally her own body， wracked with poison， rejects her。 Her tragedy （if it is a tragedy， and not a malignant farce） is the search for "anywhere out of this world，" as Thomas Hood wrote （later borrowed by Baudelaire）。Dedalus， by contrast， does not seek to flee his world。 He might， in his fantasies of the afterlife， project himself out from himself （as Montaigne might have described it）， but his imaginative episodes are not desperate escapes from his immediate circumstances。 They are an attempt to work through and master them by creative and visionary means。 I don't want to suggest that Portrait is a greater novel than Bovary， or even an equal， but it is a profound development for the novel: Portrait is the first novel of radical empiricism。 The radical empiricist worldview in literature （an inheritance of Montaigne） is be found expressed first in poets like Whitman or Wordsworth and in a more popularized form in Emerson， and later in the poetry of Joyce's contemporary （and his most incontinent persecutor） DH Lawrence。 It is the philosophical conviction that all phenomena， up to eternity， God， the Absolute， the Over-Mind， etc。， must be verified experientially， experimentally; contingent and with the individual as the ultimate contingency; inwardly yet not estranged from the outward。 "Where man is not， nature is barren。"The most exhilarating chapters of Portrait， and the most perfectly written， are those of Stephen's boyhood。 There is no "innocence" in the Blakean sense， in the sense of an inviolate freedom from conflict; for once the ego is demarcated （as it is in the famous opening passage） there follows an effort from within to break apart the stream of phenomena into discernible units。 The very basic terms by which Joyce captures his own early experiences of friction with the outward world （"hot，" "cold，" "black，" "white"） reveal these words to us anew。 They remind us that， as William James said in his revolutionary essay against the existence of consciousness， mental concepts and physical concepts do indeed intersect。 How strange "suck" （the sound of water draining） comes to appear to us， the audible correlative to an instant of sundering brought forth by an alien god seemingly beyond time and space。 These chapters are the finest fulfillment of Baudelaire's philosophy of correspondences， of an inner poetic negotiation of harmony by the individual caught shipwrecked in the manifold flux。Above all， Portrait is the story of the assumption of moral responsibility for the act of vision。 It has become the fashion for some time now to insist that irresponsibility is a literary virtue， insofar as confabulation and pattern making are held by the proudly frivolous members of the literary establishment to be the extent of the pleasures of reading。 "A sentimentalist is he who would feel a thing without incurring the immense debtorship for the thing done，" Dedalus （after Wilde） writes to Malachi Mulligan in Ulysses。 For whatever may be said against Dedalus， he and his words are not irresponsible。 。。。more
Harry EC
，
Cursory google beforehand lead me to expect something more challenging and while there's certainly lots to pick apart （and a shit ton of Latin） it was kinda breezy。 Didn't love it front to back but there's some moments where Joyce's prose really sung。 Cursory google beforehand lead me to expect something more challenging and while there's certainly lots to pick apart （and a shit ton of Latin） it was kinda breezy。 Didn't love it front to back but there's some moments where Joyce's prose really sung。 。。。more
Emma Marder
，
3。5 - Stephen is not like other girls， and he needs you to know this。
EmeJota
，
Había leído algunas reseñas y críticas que la calificaban a esta novela como una de las mejores novela de crecimiento de la literatura y que el protagonista es un joven sensible lleno de una elevada visión artística， sometido a una represiva educación católica。 Pero obvian el comportamiento depredador y sexista del protagonista， que a mí me estremecen。 Una persona puede ser muchas cosas， incluso contradictorias entre sí。 Stephen es un joven y muestra mucho de lo egoísta que puede llegar a ser a Había leído algunas reseñas y críticas que la calificaban a esta novela como una de las mejores novela de crecimiento de la literatura y que el protagonista es un joven sensible lleno de una elevada visión artística， sometido a una represiva educación católica。 Pero obvian el comportamiento depredador y sexista del protagonista， que a mí me estremecen。 Una persona puede ser muchas cosas， incluso contradictorias entre sí。 Stephen es un joven y muestra mucho de lo egoísta que puede llegar a ser a veces la juventud， yo lo fui y aunque queda cada vez más lejos， aún me acuerdo。 Un joven que espera y demanda dinero y cuidados a su madre， pero ni siquiera se molesta en conocerla， no sabe si es feliz o no， por no saber de ella， ni siquiera sabe cuantos hijos tuvo。 Pero lo que más me ha golpeado es su comportamiento depredador， es un putero （se que la palabra suena fatal， pero creo que se debe normalizar y nombrar al consumidor de prostitución， igual que se nombra a las que lo ejercen， como putas） persigue y acosa a mujeres junto con amigos por la calle （algo aterrador para quien ha vivido la experiencia， desde el punto de vista de la mujer， claro） y trata a la chica que le gusta con desdén， después de verla hablar con un sacerdote， lo que él interpreta como un coqueteo， ya sabemos esa doble moral enfermiza。 Por no hablar de su total falta de carencia hacia la higiene personal， pero eso da para otro tema。Joyce no engaña a nadie， te muestra al personaje tal y como es， al completo。 La mayoría parece no ver una parte muy importante y muy física， centrándose en las conversaciones sobre arte y religión más intelectuales， que a mí me parecieron vanas， vacías…de que sirven todas esas grandes ideas si no te enriquecen como persona。 Es al fin， es un retrato de juventud ¿quién， a veces， no se reconoce en la persona que fue？ ¿Quién no cambiaría parte de lo que hizo en el pasado？ No se puede， cambiaría nuestro aprendizaje y， por lo tanto， las personas que hoy somos。 。。。more
Richard
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Finally finished it。 This was the eighth time I read it。my view of it has changed over these nearly 50 years。
Francesca
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Ho come la sensazione di non aver capito niente， ma è bellissimo comunque。
Richard Wagner
，
i was to have read this as a freshman in college。 i didn't get far into it before abandoning it。 i had more success this time around。 there was lots to admire about it， especially the writing。 but still， while i'm glad i got through it， i wouldn't wish it upon me ever again。 i was to have read this as a freshman in college。 i didn't get far into it before abandoning it。 i had more success this time around。 there was lots to admire about it， especially the writing。 but still， while i'm glad i got through it， i wouldn't wish it upon me ever again。 。。。more
Marco Veglio
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Il mio primo libro di Joyce… come non sentirsi parte di esso？ Capolavoro…
Elizabeth W
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If you’re looking for a book with a plot， this ain’t it。 Enjoyed the lyrical prose。 Wonder if he were drunk when he wrote it？！ Interesting that he had a schizophrenic daughter。
Jesse Goodman
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Huge book for CSP stans
Kendra
，
Wow， I loved this。 Even with 30 or so pages detailing the punishments of hell — it was a very effective passage， so even though unenjoyable for me， it brings to mind similar sermons I’ve been subjected to。 It really captures the hell of the mind that one can suffer。 The last 40 pages are my favorite parts— he talks about philosophy of art with his joking friend and defends his deconstruction of belief。 I really love his experimental use of language and it really isn’t that dense。 I’m about to re Wow， I loved this。 Even with 30 or so pages detailing the punishments of hell — it was a very effective passage， so even though unenjoyable for me， it brings to mind similar sermons I’ve been subjected to。 It really captures the hell of the mind that one can suffer。 The last 40 pages are my favorite parts— he talks about philosophy of art with his joking friend and defends his deconstruction of belief。 I really love his experimental use of language and it really isn’t that dense。 I’m about to read Ulysses， so I’m sure the language will get more challenging as it gets more experimental。 。。。more
mj
，
I really enjoyed this book。 Glad I read it now as I’m reading Ulysses throughout the year and I enjoyed getting some backstory and information on why Stephen is how he is。 Joyce is truly a master。
Isaac Reeves
，
A little hard to follow and engage with initially， though the prose is some of the best I have read。 However， my opinion changed when I began to see reflections of my own life in the book， and so it was well worth reading。
Sam
，
Often boring to read， but REALLY interesting to analyse。
Molly Whiting
，
WISH I could give this a 3。5 instead because it really wasn’t that bad。。 For a modern reader， certain parts of the novel can be dull and skippable （particularly the middle section reeling of judgement day etc）， but that really is an effect of the time。Politically this novel is F A S C I N A T I N G ， as well as heartbreaking … “My soul frets in the shadow of his language。”
Natty S
，
The One coming-of-age novel to rule them all！ This is one of those books that's been sitting on my bookshelf and hard drive for years （decades？） but for reasons that baffle me now， I just never read。 Which is especially puzzling given that I'm trying to write a bildungsroman and so have been reading plenty over the last several years。 But， better late than never， right？ I will have to sit down with my Dover Thrift edition and mark the hell out this one。 His chapter on the conflict between his fa The One coming-of-age novel to rule them all！ This is one of those books that's been sitting on my bookshelf and hard drive for years （decades？） but for reasons that baffle me now， I just never read。 Which is especially puzzling given that I'm trying to write a bildungsroman and so have been reading plenty over the last several years。 But， better late than never， right？ I will have to sit down with my Dover Thrift edition and mark the hell out this one。 His chapter on the conflict between his faith and sexuality was especially moving and relevant as I have faced similar struggles。 But to paraphrase one reviewer here on Goodreads， ah Jim， you had me a moocow。。。。 。。。more
Sebi Dragu
，
"He pointed to the portrait of his grandfather on the wall to his right。-Do you see that old chap up there， John？ he said。 He was a good Irishman when there was no money in the job。 He was condemned to death as a whiteboy。 But he had a saying about our clerical friends， that he would never let one of them put his two feet under his mahogany。"I think it is a great book for introspective people， who are struggling with uncontrollable inner forces， thoughts， emotions。The writing style makes it comf "He pointed to the portrait of his grandfather on the wall to his right。-Do you see that old chap up there， John？ he said。 He was a good Irishman when there was no money in the job。 He was condemned to death as a whiteboy。 But he had a saying about our clerical friends， that he would never let one of them put his two feet under his mahogany。"I think it is a great book for introspective people， who are struggling with uncontrollable inner forces， thoughts， emotions。The writing style makes it comfortable to read this novel in its original language （for those who don't have english as their primary） since the first chapter provides a decently understanding vocabulary， but enriches with each new chapter afterwards。 。。。more
Lucas Sipe
，
James Joyce's semi-autobiographical "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" is confounding。 To say it's complicated is an understatement。 At the same time， however， it's timeless and relatable。 At times the narrative becomes hard to grasp but the beauty of the prose compels you to keep reading。 Some books defy easy classification and I think this is one。 At times， it was a story of family， others of state， others of religion， others of friendship， and others of art。 I often felt like I was loo James Joyce's semi-autobiographical "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" is confounding。 To say it's complicated is an understatement。 At the same time， however， it's timeless and relatable。 At times the narrative becomes hard to grasp but the beauty of the prose compels you to keep reading。 Some books defy easy classification and I think this is one。 At times， it was a story of family， others of state， others of religion， others of friendship， and others of art。 I often felt like I was looking for too much， it's a book about a young man transitioning from childhood to adulthood， but there was simply to much in the prose， style， and overall story to be labeled so simply。 The stream of consciousness writing style might not be for everyone but the writing that comes out of it is simply amazing。 The more you read， the more you will get out of "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"。 It wasn't quite a joy to read but Joyce is simply one of the best writers so I had no regrets。 Overall， a fantastic book that I'll need to read again to truly digest。 。。。more
Shirley
，
A rather tedious read because there are few breaks in the narrative but I'm sure that was done on purpose by Joyce to show the pressures on young people to make choices that they often fear to make。 I am glad I took the time to read this， though！ A rather tedious read because there are few breaks in the narrative but I'm sure that was done on purpose by Joyce to show the pressures on young people to make choices that they often fear to make。 I am glad I took the time to read this， though！ 。。。more
Andrea
，
Well， I find it quite impressive that I finished this。 It's a novel that I know， had I been assigned to read it in school， I would have given up on nearly immediately。 That was not the case， however， as I chose this novel for myself as my first venture into the works of James Joyce。 My takeaways are rather conflicted。Each chapter of this book varies greatly from the chapters which precede it， either stylistically or in substance， and so it was difficult for me to say holistically that I either d Well， I find it quite impressive that I finished this。 It's a novel that I know， had I been assigned to read it in school， I would have given up on nearly immediately。 That was not the case， however， as I chose this novel for myself as my first venture into the works of James Joyce。 My takeaways are rather conflicted。Each chapter of this book varies greatly from the chapters which precede it， either stylistically or in substance， and so it was difficult for me to say holistically that I either disliked or enjoyed the novel。 The transient and feverish passages of the first chapter demonstrate the disjointed and dreamlike nature of Joyce's recollection of childhood; the second chapter， easily my favorite， depicts a tender blossoming into adolescence characterized by feelings of alienation from one's peers and the endearing confessions of a young heart in the throes of first love; the third and fourth chapters provide the most thorough and provocative image of Catholic guilt I have ever read， the third chapter taking place nearly entirely in one rapturous sermon and the fourth following young Stephen as he allows God respite in his sullied soul; and the fifth chapter following him through a series of conversations， Socratic seminars of sorts， in which he tests the bounds of his wits and his education while at last becoming the titular young artist。While the writing was often dense and laborious， in the moments in which I could bring myself to fully comprehend what I was reading Joyce surprised me with stunning imagery and a mastery of descriptive writing upon which I wish he would focus more of his efforts。 I found that I most enjoyed myself when I could marvel at the inventive and meditative way that Joyce can conjure a scene， and I found myself most disengaged when he focused too much upon the Western canon。 Unfortunately， the mind of young Stephen is filled with the doctrine of the West， and his education and personal convictions are inseparable from those of the philosophers and theologians which he has read， thus forcing readers to sift through his recitations of the theories of Aristotle and Saint Thomas Aquinas。 There were many moments in this novel which forced me to reckon with how depraved and alienating Western culture is， with the way that it enforces isolation and suffering at the expense of compassion， intuition， and connection。 Reading this was a reminder of how much damage this mindset has done to human decency and reciprocity， spreading this doctrine through the world via the colonization and imperialism to which it is intrinsically tied， and perhaps that undermined any lasting impression I might have taken away from the striking images。 。。。more
Marlee
，
Parts of this book I enjoyed。 Much of it I found rather dull。 The priest that scared him with his warnings of hell really did drone on forever。 It was interesting to see how his beliefs changed as the story progressed。
Emma Harrison
，
This book was very hard to follow and dull to read， especially when it came to the prt of the chapter where there would be page after page of religion-related inner struggle。 Despite this， I can see how it would have been considered ‘revolutionary’ for its time， being published in early 1900s and discussing religion- something that people were expected to have only unwavering faith in。 However， in this modern context where religion is no longer a majority among the new generation， it is boring a This book was very hard to follow and dull to read， especially when it came to the prt of the chapter where there would be page after page of religion-related inner struggle。 Despite this， I can see how it would have been considered ‘revolutionary’ for its time， being published in early 1900s and discussing religion- something that people were expected to have only unwavering faith in。 However， in this modern context where religion is no longer a majority among the new generation， it is boring and unrelatable。Despite fervently disliking this book， I have given it two stars as there were some parts that captured Stephen’s complex relationship with religion perfectly （consequently making Joyce a controversial writing during his own time and context。）I took note of the quote ‘he would confess and repent and be absolved， and confess and repent and be absolved again， fruitlessly。’Stephen here is dedicated to Catholicism， whether that’s due to fear or familiarity， he allows it to consume his whole life， although he questions why。 His religion here， and in the rest of the novel， seems stifling and repetitive。 It causes Stephen to feel constant guilt for natural human reactions， like anger or desire- things that seem normal to us and aren’t actively reproached。Towards the end of the novel， Stephens seems to be a bit more hopeful after his religious struggle comes to an end- refusing to believe in a God that he doubts， one that causes financial issues， moving him from house to house。 His dropping of religion causes his happiness and inner peace， which， for Joyce’s generation would have been considered highly controversial， if not blasphemy。 。。。more
J Baker
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4。5。 Don't listen to the priest， boys！ Masturbate all you like。 4。5。 Don't listen to the priest， boys！ Masturbate all you like。 。。。more
Kairyn
，